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Mohamed Siam - Egitto/Libano/Germania/Francia 2017 - 83’ - documentario - v.o. arabo, sottotitoli in italiano
introduzione di un responsabile del FFDUL
4 SM/scuole superiori - da 10 anni (per la comprensione del film è consigliata la visione da 14 anni)

Amal è una quattordicenne egiziana che consapevolmente decide di scendere in piazza per protestare durante la Primavera araba. Si trova confrontata non solo con i suoi compagni maschi, che cercano di scoraggiarla in quanto donna, ma anche con sua madre, che difende la linea conservatrice della politica egiziana. Il film è un ampio ritratto della gioventù araba ormai disillusa dopo la rivoluzione.

Sinossi

Nel 2011 Amal, appena adolescente, si unisce alla Rivoluzione egiziana dopo la morte del suo amico nel massacro allo stadio di Porto Said. Durante le proteste nella piazza Tahrir è malmenata dai poliziotti che la strattonano per i capelli.

Il padre, poliziotto, era morto qualche tempo prima e in precedenza le aveva detto: “Un giorno ci sarà una rivoluzione in Egitto. Fai quello che vuoi, non aver paura”.

Nel 2012 la quindicenne Amal si affianca al mondo maschile dei manifestanti che continuano la lotta per un cambiamento del regime e per la democrazia. Il film segue Amal durante sei anni a partire dalla Rivoluzione; la vediamo nel suo passaggio dall’adolescenza all’età adulta, nella ricerca della sua identità, nell’essere femmina in un mondo maschile, nella determinazione con la quale chiede la fine di regimi dittatoriali in favore della democrazia.

Approfondimenti

Il contesto storico

Nel 2010 inizia in Tunisia la cosiddetta “Primavera araba”, un movimento popolare che chiede un cambiamento dei governi e l’avvento della democrazia; la protesta si diffonde in molti paesi arabi.

Nel 2011 in Egitto decine di migliaia di persone manifestano nella piazza Tahrir chiedendo le dimissioni di Mubarak che è al potere da 30 anni. Le ragioni della protesta vanno ricercate nella disoccupazione soprattutto giovanile, richiesta di innalzamento della paga minima, brutalità della polizia, corruzione dilagante, mancanza di libertà di parola, condizioni di vita disagiate, forte diseguaglianza nella ripartizione del reddito.

Mubarak si dimette nel febbraio 2011 e l’anno dopo le elezioni presidenziali danno la vittoria a Morsi, candidato dei Fratelli Musulmani. La disillusione è grande tra i manifestanti che chiedevano la democrazia e la libertà per cui le proteste continuano. Morsi, tuttavia, è incapace di far fronte alla disastrosa situazione economica e tenta una strisciante islamizzazione del Paese verso la shari'a (il comportamento della popolazione deve sottostare alla Legge islamica).

Nel 2013, sulle ali della massiccia protesta popolare, un colpo di Stato militare guidato dal generale al-Sīsī destituisce Mohamed Morsi e dichiara sospesa la costituzione. Morsi è incarcerato e nel 2014 lo stesso al-Sīsī viene eletto presidente della Repubblica.

Il presidente al-Sīsī, tuttora al potere, ha messo a tacere energicamente il dissenso politico interno attraverso una vasta repressione.

I Fratelli Musulmani

I Fratelli Musulmani costituiscono in Egitto una formazione politica che si richiama al dovere di fedeltà ai valori islamici tradizionali e uno dei temi maggiormente dibattuto al suo interno è quello del jihād, inteso nel senso di "doveroso impegno".

Scheda didattica

  1. Sulla base di quanto vedi nel film, come ti sembra il ruolo della donna in Egitto?
  1. Secondo te esiste la parità tra uomo e donna in Svizzera?
  1. Come valuti il rapporto tra Amal e sua madre?
  1. Conosci qualche caso di adolescenti che si sono messi in primo piano nel chiedere dei cambiamenti?
  1. Se tu ti fossi trovato(a) al posto di Amal, ti saresti comportato(a) allo stesso modo?
  1. Secondo l’amico di Amal, come deve comportarsi la ragazza? Condividi la sua opinione?
  1. C’è chi dice che portare il velo rispetta maggiormente la donna che non la mercificazione del corpo femminile in Occidente. Che cosa ne pensi?